中考广州站 > 试题精选 > 初中英语语法知识精讲精练:形容词、副词

初中英语语法知识精讲精练:形容词、副词

2009-12-03  作者:匿名  来源:网络  进入论坛

  形容词、副词   (一) 知识概要   形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词......

  [正] We are already in the classroom now.

  [析] already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:

  Did you finish it? No. not yet.

  [误] Look. Here comes he!

  [正] Look! Here he comes!

  [误] Look! Here the bus comes!

  [正] Look! Here comes the bus!

  [析] 在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序。

  [误] She is my older sister.

  [正] She is my elder sister.

  [析] elder 和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而older, oldest 则是指岁数大多少,如:She is three years older than I.

  [误] I'm tired. I can't go further.

  [正] I'm tired. I can't go farther.

  [析] far有两个比较级 farther 较远的,further 进一步的,如:Do you need any further explanation? 你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级。farthest和furthest.

  [误] I went to Beijing University five years before.

  [正] I went to Beijing University five years ago.

  [析] ago常与过去时连用,而before则多与完成时连用。

  [误] - Have you finished your homework?

  - No, not already. 

  [正] - Have you finished your homework?

  - No, not yet. 

  [析] 仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already, yet 与 still。 要注意的是 already经常用于肯定句中,如The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑问句和否定句中,如:Have you finished your homework yet? 而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间,如:We still can't decide what to do. 但也有时用于be 动词之后,如:He is still here.

  [误] He is very higher than I am.

  [正] He is much higher than I am.

  [析] much可以用来修饰比较级,而very则用来修饰形容词原级,如:I'm very tired.

  [误] - Can I walk to the station?- You'd better not. It is very far. 

  [正] - Can I walk to the station?

  - You'd better not, It is a long way. 

  [析] for一般用在疑问句与否定句中,如:How far is it from here to the station? 又如:It isn't far.

  [误] I've ever been to America.

  [正] I've been to America once.

  [析] once 多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,如:Have you ever been to London?

  [误] - Could you pass the exam this time?

  - No, I am not afraid so. 

  [正] - Could you pass the exam this time?

  - No, I'm afraid not. 

  [析] 在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如:Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如,I don't think so 而在hope, belive 与 afraid后则常用not, 如:I hope not.

  [误] She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam.

  [正] She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam.

  [析] enough 可以作名词用,如:Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了。)另外它可以作为形容词,如:I have enough money (or money enough) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前。如果enough 作为副词用,那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。

  [误] You can't be very careful.

  [正] You can't be too careful.

  [析] 此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分。too…to的用法是"太……以至于不能作某事"。但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去,如:It is too expensive for me.那对我来讲是太贵了。

  [误] He is good past fifty.

  [正] He is well past fifty.

  [析] well 作为副词用时除用于"好"之外还有"大大地、远远地",等意。往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议;

  He is well.

  He is good.

  其实这两句都是正确的表达法,只不过其含意不同。He is well是"他身体不错",而He is good 则为"他是个好人"。

  [误] She is not as half clever as her brother.

  [正] She is not half as clever as her brother.

  [析] 在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly, almost, exactly… 等置于第一个as之前。

  [误] He is same age as Tom.

  [正] He is the same age as Tom.

  [析] the same…as是固定的用法,其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的。

  [误] Mother and her daughter are exactly like.

  [正] Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.

  * like 作为介词,其意为"像",应用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加宾语。而 alike 是形容词,或副词,如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但 alike 仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语。

  [误] Who is taller of the two?

  [正] Who is the taller of the two?

  [析] 两者的比较级之前要加定冠词。

  [误] I have less books than Tom.

  [正] I have fewer books than Tom.

  [析] less 是 little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级。less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词。

  [误] There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary.

  [正] There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary.

  [析] 在两者之间应用比较级,在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级。

  [误] The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.

  [正] The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.

  [析] as…as的用法要注意的是:①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级,而不可加比较级,也有的语法书中称为同级比较。②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词,这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定,如:He is as good as his friend.

  [误] The harder you study, and you can learn more.

  [正] The harder you study, the more you can learn.

  [析] 英文中如果要表达越来越怎样,在初中范围有两种表达法:①比较级+and+比较级。②定冠词+比较级……,如:The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more,这样的用法是:more and more 加形容词,如:The girl is growing more and more beautiful.

  [误] Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English.

  [正] Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English.

  [析] 在作比较时,英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致。如用动名词,应都用动名词,用不定式时则都用不定式。但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略。如:To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.

  [误] The girl is more cleverer than the boy.

  [正] The girl is much more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.

  [析] clever有两个比较级:cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处,如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用more clever,如:He is more clever than honest. (他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。)

  [析] The boy is the tallest to the three.

  [正] The boy is the tallest of the three.

  [析] 最高级的范围要用of加复数形式或加集合名词。

  [误] This book is one of the most useful dictionary.

  [正] This book is one of the most useful dictionaries.

  [析] 在one of 后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数。

  [误] This dictionary is the much best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.

  [正] This dictionary is much the best one of the EnglishChinese dictionaries.

  [析] 在修饰最高级时应用 far/by far/much 加the加最高级。但very例外,如:He is the very best player in the team.

  [误] Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China.

  [正] Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

  [析] 在比较级中表示比较对象时如用any other其后一般要加单数名词。

  [误] Most of stories in this book are written in English.

  [正] Most of the stories in this book are written in English.

  [正] Most stories in this book are written in English.

  [析] "大多数"一词的表达法有most of the +名词,或most+名词。当用前一种结构时,其后面的定冠词不可少。

  [误] The temperature of that room is higher than this room.

  [正] The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room.

  [析] 比较级用于两句话之间时,比较的部分不可省略掉,但为了避免重复,一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词,而用those代替前面的复数名词,如:The books in that box are bigger than those in this box。

  [误] He is no more here. Maybe he is at home.

  [正] He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home.

  [析] no more在现代英语中多译为:"从此再也不会了",如:His voice is no more here. 他已经去世了,他的声音不可能再出现了。而用no longer 表达目前的状态。要注意下面几组句子的实际含意:This room is no cleaner than that one.即两间屋子都不干净。(两者都不干净) This room is not cleaner than that one,即这屋子不如那间干净。(前者不如后者干净。即一间干净,一间不干净。)
 

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