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初中英语语法知识精讲精练:介词

2009-12-03  作者:匿名  来源:网络  进入论坛

  介词   (一) 知识概要   介词在英语中用法很活,也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个,特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规......

  34 The policeman was surprised ___ the news.

  A. into B. for C. at D. out of

   [答案] C.

   [析] be surprised at 对某事吃惊。

  35 He had to sell newspapers ___ seven.

  A. at an age of B. at the ages of C. at the age of D. at age of

   [答案] C.

   [析] at the age of 在几岁时。

  36 The little girl couldn't help ___ when she saw a large dog.

  A. cried B. to cry C. crying D. cries

   [答案] C.

   [析] couldn't help+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。

  37 Jack was born ___ March 1st, 1978.

  A. on B. in C. at D. of

   [答案] A.

   [析] 日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。

  38 Edison was very interested ___ science when he was a boy.

  A. to B. on C. in D. about

   [答案] C.

   [析] be interested in something 对某事感兴趣。

  39 The teacher was very satisfied ___ her answer.

  A. in B. on C. for D. with

   [答案] D.

  40 The story happened ___ Beijing.

  A. in B. with C. for D. on

   [答案] A.

  (三) 正误辨析

  [误] We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.

  [正] We got to the top of the mountain at day break.

  [析] at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。

  [误] Don't sleep at daytime

  [正] Don't sleep in daytime.

  [析] in 要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。

  [误] We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.

  [正] We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.

  [析] in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如:on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th

  [误] He became a writter at his twenties

  [正] He became a writter in his twenties

  [析] 这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。

  [误] He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.

  [正] He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.

  [析] 在具体年岁前用at, 如:at the age of 12, at your age, 等等。

  [误] We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.

  [正] We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.

  [析] 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如:on New Year's Day

  [误] I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.

  [正] I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.

  [析] 在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。

  [误] I haven't see you during the summer holidays.

  [正] I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.

  [析] during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"整整,全部的时间"。如:It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。

  [误] At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.

  [正] On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.

  [析] On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:on hearing… 一听见, on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)

  [误] In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.

  [正] At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.

  [析] at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end=at last是指"最终,终于"之意。

  [误] Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

  [正] By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

  [析] by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:I'll be there by five o'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.

  [误] He came to London before last weekend.

  [正] He had come to London before last weekend.

  [正] He came to London two weeks ago.

  [析] before 一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。

  [误] I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.

  [正] I have studied English for three years since I came here.

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