2013广州中考英语阅读理解知识复习——知识要点(3)

　　3. 根据上下文猜测单词题：

　　这种阅读理解测试题是对短文中某一个句子中的某一个超纲的单词或者短语画线，让考生猜测其汉语意思或者英语解释意义。短文中出现的超纲词或者短语要求学生在读懂短文的内容，理解短文的大概意思的基础上并且根据短文上下文的意思和情景进行猜测和推断。一般来说这些词汇是比较难或者是同学们没有学过的。如果同学们的词汇量比较大，那么解决这种阅读理解测试题就有很大的优势。但是如果能够理解短文的内容和意思，通过上下句子和情景进行合理的猜测，其正确率还是比较高的。

　　猜测单词的一些方法：

　　1. 首先要保持冷静，迅速判断。如果是对上下文理解影响不大的词，就不要停留，继续读下去。如果

　　是影响理解的词，尤其是划线的词，就要运用猜测单词的技巧来猜测单词的意思。

　　2. 如果是but连接前后两个句子，那么其意思是表示转折，后面句子的画线单词表示的意思可能和前面

　　的句子的意思是相反的。

　　3. 如果是and连接前后两个句子，那么后面句子的画线单词的意思可能和前面句子的意思一致。

　　4. 画线的单词我们可能不认识，但这个句子的某一部分的单词或者短语是我们认识的。这时，我们可

　　以根据所认识的部分去猜测不认识的单词意思，就像在做填空题一样，看看这个空应该填入什么

　　(一般下面有选项可选)。

　　5. 注意下文，有时后面的句子或在下文中可能解释这个单词的意义。

　　6. 有时即使我们猜测不出来单词的具体意思也不要紧，我们只需要了解这个单词是表示积极的还是消

　　极的意思。通过辨认这个单词的位置和目的来确定它是动词、形容词还是副词，然后从选项中选

　　择。

　　实例说明：

　　Once there was a baby eagle living in a nest on a cliff (山崖).The baby eagle loved his nest. It was warm, soft and comfortable. And even better, he had all the food and love that his mother could give. Whenever the baby eagle was hungry, his mother would always come just in time with the delicious food he liked.

　　He was growing happily day after day. But suddenly his world changed. His mother stopped coming to the nest. He was full of sadness and fear. He thought he would die soon. He cried, but nobody heard him.

　　Two days later his mother appeared with some nice food, The baby eagle was wild with joy. But his mother put the food at the top of the mountain and then looked down at her baby. The baby eagle cried out. “Mum, why did you do this to me? I’m hungry. Don’t you know I will die if I have nothing to eat?”

　　“Here is the last meal I give you. Come and get it by yourself,” his mother said. Then she flew down and pushed the baby eagle out of the nest.

　　The baby eagle fell down, faster and faster. He looked up at his mum, “Why do you abandon me?” He looked down at the earth. The ground was much closer. Then something strange happened. The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasn’t moving to the ground any more. Instead, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.

　　“You are flying! You can make it!” His mother smiled.

　　1. What does the word “abandon” in the fifth paragraph mean?

　　A.抛弃 　　　B.保护　　　 C.歧视 　　　D.拯救

　　〔解析〕

　　答案是A。本题是考查单词猜测能力。从短文的上下文的意思，特别是上一段短文的内容和本题句子的意思猜测这个单词的意思是“抛弃”。